Crime And Violence Of Mexico - 2893 Words

Crime and Violence in Mexico as we know it is all too common. The Drugs power and control is often heard way too many times. Drug traffickers often come from a childhood of poverty. But the battle for survival among cartels in Mexico, in which thousands of people, mostly in the drug trade or fighting it, have been killed, has only led drug traffickers to redouble their efforts to get their drugs to market in the United States. These Drug Traffickers all have one thing in common they all want territory control and want to be the number one organization. One of the most powerful Drug lords in today’s history is named El Chapo Guzman. He became Mexico’s top drug kingpin in 2003. He was considered the most powerful drug trafficker in the world†¦show more content†¦He was never found until late last year in February 2014. He was found inside his fourth floor condo in a beach front condominium in Mazatlan Sinaloa. He was captured without a single gunshot being fired. Ray Sanchez. Evan Perez and Elise Labott, CNN (2014) In his years from 2001to 2014 his whereabouts were unknown some believe he was hiding in the Golden Triangle in areas of Sinaloa, Durango, and Chihuahua. this region is known for major production of marijuana and opium poppy in Mexico. It states in some reports that his security entailed of about 300 men and gunmen. His inner circle of men would help him move around the ranches nearby in the mountainous areas. He would usually escape authorities using bullet proof cars, aircraft and all-terrain vehicles. Alongside with sophisticated communications gadgets. Jo Tuckman CBS News (2014), Jeremy Bender (2014) Since many of these locations can be reached through dirt roads, residents could easily detect outsiders. Their distrust to the outside people and with a combination of bribes and intimidation kept the strangers out. Noticiero Televisa April (2011) Although he ran for a quite a long time, in February 22nd of 2014 , his luck ran out, the Mexican Navy along with joint intelligence and the U.S Marshall Service. All of these agencies came together and apprehend this individual. It is said that Guzman’s family is heavily involved in drug trafficking, with several members killed by Los Zetas and the BeltranShow MoreRelatedModern Drug and Crime Mexico Finals Essay934 Words   |  4 Pages Crime and Drug Cartels in Mexico- Crime in Mexico is one of the most urgent and serious concerns facing Mexico today. Crime statistics in Mexico show that even over the years, the crime rate has decreased. Over the last 100 years or more there has still been a huge upswing in drug related crimes, especially within the last few decades (Tuckman). Crimes as of today are not all reported, so the rates may be higher than statistics indicate. The government is not able to catch all of these drugRead MoreReasons Behind The War On Drugs1365 Words   |  6 Pagessignificant reasons behind the war on drugs between the Mexican government and the drug cartels in Mexico and examine the impact of this conflict on Mexico and on US National Security. Drug Trafficking or any other illegal activity related to drug Cartels and gangs pose an imminent threat to the Mexican governance because of the corruption and the violence they generate. Illegal drugs affect not only Mexico but also the U.S in terms of trafficking and consumption. The Mexican government has always takenRead MoreThe War On Drugs Has Been All Over The World1726 Words   |  7 Pagestime has had the trouble of facing the many negatives that come along with drugs such as people becoming addicts, violence, and crime in general, drug lords, and a plethora of other problems. Handling these problems before they get out of hand are relatively important, because if not handled right the country, region, state, or local municipality could collapse at any given time. Mexico, who has been handling a drug war this past decade seems as if they are not getting better any time soon and seriousRead MoreU.s. Politics, Citizen Safety, And Economy1390 Words   |  6 Pagesassisting the Mexican government, the level of violence and gang-related deaths are still increasing at an alarming rate. So far, the majority of U.S. involvement has been in the way of money and physical enforcement; both Mexico and our border with them have become heavily militarized in the years since the â€Å"war on drugs† was launched. However, this military action doesn’t seem to be having any effect accept to spark intensified revolts and counter-violence by the Mexican cartels. The Mexican securityRead MoreMexican Drug Cartels: Problem of the Past or Indication of the Future?1688 Words   |  7 Pagesthe fire. Narco-violence has claimed the lives of thousands of citizens in recent years. Drug cartels have become comparable to Mafia figures, and have resorted to Mafia-style violence to prove to the Mexican government that they remain in control. The violence caused by drug cartels is rumored to lead Mexico to become a failed state. George W. Grayson, regular lecturer at the United States Department of State, has made more than one-hundred and twenty-five research trips to Mexico, and is consideredRead MoreConflict Analysis : Mexico And Central America1687 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Merida Initiative: Mexico and Central America. Then, I will focu s on â€Å"Drug War†: Lenses, Frames, and â€Å"Seeing† Solutions. I will then talk about, â€Å"conflict analysis ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬, a lens for viewing conflict that brings into focus a multilevel, integrative diagnosis of the violence in Mexico and supports recent evolutions in Plan Merida toward a more holistic peace-building approach† (Carpenter, 2013). In other words, conflict analysis focuses on the determination of conflict in Mexico and aids current advancementRead MoreDrug Trafficking During The United States Essay1312 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent extents to get the job done. Drug trafficking increases the violence levels These drugs have been smuggled through the Southwest Border since the 1970s and are attempting to expand the distribution of those drugs into eastern U.S. markets. The countries of drug production have been seen as the worst affected by prohibition. In many countries worldwide, the illegal drug trafficking can be directly linked to hi gh violent crimes. This is especially true in third world countries, but has still beenRead MoreMexico’s War on Drugs Essay1252 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen much violence due to this drug problem that has left many people near the border killed and is allowing more criminals to obtain these weapons. A lot of this attention goes to the U.S. because many of the weapons utilized in the â€Å"drug war† are U.S. made and is interfering with trading relations amongst both the U.S. and Mexico. With this current violent situation in Mexico this has transformed the flow of weapons to an even larger scale. During the mid-2000’s former President of Mexico Felipe CalderonRead MoreOrganized Crime Related Deaths / Murders898 Words   |  4 Pagesexplaining that while organized crime has been problematic for some time, the number of organized crime related deaths/murders has been on a steady rise. As the presenter further illustrates, in 2001, it was around 1,000. By 2008, the number had its first big jump, however, in 2010, the number had skyrocketed to over 34,000! However, the death, or capture of cartel leaders is not the solution and has led to two large cycles of violence. Most of the crime can be broken down into sevenRead MoreMexican Trafficking And Drug Trafficking1341 Words   |  6 PagesDid you know that Mexico has a history with many brutal crimes? Crimes such as kidnapping, money laundering, murders, prostitution, drug dealing, extortion, human trafficking, gun trafficking, drug trafficking, car thief, and cartels wars. Have you ever been a victim of an y of this crimes listed above in Mexico? Sadly most people who lived in Mexico tend to be victims of a crime. In Mexico 1 out of every 8,300 people are violently murdered. Most murder rates are in the borders near the United States

The Origin Of The Classical World On Geography Essay

1. Conquistador: It is the Spanish word corresponding to explorer or conqueror. It refers to the Spanish explorers who conquered new territories, especially the Americas, in the name of Spain. Examples of conquistadores were Hernando Cortes, who defeated the Aztec Empire and conquered Mexico in the early 16th century, and Francisco Pizarro, who triumphed over the Inca Empire. 2. Ptolemy s Geography: It was the work of Ptolemy, an astronomer who lived in the Roman Empire in the second century. It summarized the knowledge of the classical world about geography. It was more accurate than medieval cartography, as it showed the world as round; however, since the Americas were unknown, the world resulted much smaller. Ptolemy’s Geography, merged with the latest information from mariners, constituted the maps that European explorers used in their expeditions. 3. Treaty of Tordesillas: It was a treaty intermediated by Pope Alexander VI in 1494, and it settled competing claims to the Atlantic discoveries between Spain and Portugal. It gave everything to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic to Spain and everything to the east of the line to Portugal. 4. Aztec and Incan Empires: The Aztec or Mexica Empire and the Inca Empire were two sophisticated Native American societies and imperia respectively situated in today’s Mexico and Peru. The Aztec Empire was ruled by Montezuma II, and its capital was Tenochtitlan. In 1521, Spanish conquistador Cortes was able to defeat theShow MoreRelatedCompeting Claims. The Disputes In The Scs Have Evolved1709 Words   |  7 Pagescontentious points in the SCS. While various nations have competing claims in the SCS, all are contended by China. The basis for China’s territorial claims in the SCS are rooted in a 1948 map from the Nationalist Guomindang Government, created after World War II when Japan lost control of a large portion of the sea it had been occupying. The map â€Å"showed a line, U-shaped, extending over 1400 miles southward from the southern Chinese coast and demarcating China’s claimed maritime territory,† while alsoRead MoreEssay The Comedies of Bernard Shaw and William Shakespeare1018 Words   |  5 PagesWith origins from Ancient Greece, Comedy is one of the original four genres of literature as defined by the philosopher Aristotle in his work Poetics. The three other genres are consistent of tragedy, epic poetry, and lyric poetry. Not to be confused with the comedy associated with television and film which focuses entirely on humorous discourse generally intended to amuse; literary comedy is charact erised by general humour, happy endings and communal celebration. This assignment will criticallyRead More The Importance of Latin in the Curriculum Essay examples1287 Words   |  6 Pagesdead language. And it is a dead language, at least in spoken form. Regardless of what Dan Quayle thinks, Latin is not the official language of Latin America. Latin has dropped from being the language spoken by almost the entire known Western world to an obscure language known mainly in scholarly circles. After the fall of the Roman Empire to Germanic invaders in 476 AD, Latin began a shift from being the common tongue to a language used mainly by upper-class and learned people (Hammond 243)Read MoreWhat Is The Types Of Music?1587 Words   |  7 Pagespop music,it brings me more peaceful and relax.†Country music was a federation of styles, rather than a monolithic style. Its origins were lost in the early decades of colonization, when the folk dances (Scottish reels, Irish jigs, and square dances, the poor man s version of the French cotillion and quadrille) and the British ballad got transplanted into the new world and got contaminated by the religious hymns of church and camp meetings.H ere is the types,Early Country Music or Mountain MusicRead MoreAn Ideal Hero: Greek vs. Roman Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pagessacred ritual . - Kingship for centralized political and social structure (Paraoh= kings in Egypt) . 2. Geographical areas of early civilizations (Attached) 3. Ages of early Greek mythology to Ovid ( Poet of Metamorphoses) a. Origin of humans: sacred clay (wise and rulers) blood of titans (murderous and criminals), and stones(endurance) b. 4 ages as decline: Golden (peace), Silver (seasons farming), Bronze (war), Iron (mining, deforestation, crime). 4. Dominant and alternateRead MoreLodging1094 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The Travel and Tourism Industry in Perspective NAME: DATE: 1. Which of the following would be internal (â€Å"push†) factors in terms of influencing people’s decisions to travel? a. climate and collectibles b. health needs c. geography and wildlife d. entertainment and cuisine 2. People traveling to India to visit the country’s cultural and historical centers are likely to be attracted by __________ factors affecting their decisions to travel. a. push b. pull c. give d. take Read MoreThe Easy and Meaningful Integration of Social Studies and Language Arts1815 Words   |  8 PagesAmerica; they are faced with the challenge that no other generation has: they are citizens of the world. Social studies, as a focus in classrooms today must be more than a history class. In fact, social studies should include all content areas and be included in all content areas. In math, it is not enough to learn isolated logarithms; students should explore economics and the interdependence of the world economies. A current events guiding question might include, Will the failure of Greece’s economyRead MoreEssay on Athenian definition of democracy1213 Words   |  5 Pagesdemocracy when it is applied to a society with a large dispersed population? What are other examples of democratic societies besides Athens? Compare and contrast Athenian democracy with American democracy. Is the United States a democracy in the classical sense of the word? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The ancient Greek word quot;demokratiaquot; was ambiguous. It met literally quot;people powerquot;. But who were the people to whom the power of the long? Was it all the people -all duly qualifiedRead MoreTopic: The uncertain future of English as a global language1100 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish today is gaining popularity worldwide, in certain cases influencing the syntax of other languages. In class we spent time discussing the effects of use of English language on a global front. That is when I realized, that if English becomes the world speak; it may lead to appalling consequences. Hence I chose to write this written task, which mainly focuses on the repercussion of English as a global language. The main aim of this written task is to analyze the consequences of English as a globalRead MoreCapital Analysis : Capital And Income Inequality Essay1743 Words   |  7 PagesAs a Economics book, The book Capital in the Twenty-First Century is written for all Economics scholars and Econ major students all over the world. Since the book is mainly talking about the wealth and income inequality in the United States and Europe since the 18th century, it is a great reference for scholars who is writing papers about wealth distribution and income inequality. In addition, since the book was announced to be made into a documentary movie, it will be an original reference for those

Schoolboy Requesting Monthly Allowance

Question: Discuss about the Schoolboy Requesting Monthly Allowance. Answer: Introduction: Robert Bresson has been one of the key icons behind the film production. Apart from his significant contribution. Bresson is appreciated by many for bringing crucial changes in the film industry(Reader Keith, 2010). In his film career, Bresson has directed and made several films for the period ranging from 1934 to 1999. L'Argent film meaning money is one of the Bressons outstanding film work. In the L'Argent film, Bresson brings out the theme of crime. The film commences with a schoolboy requesting monthly allowance from his father. The father obliges but the boy presses for more the demands that the father declines. The boy's mother intervenes but father hold to his stand. This leads the boy to pawn his watch to a friend. However, the friend gives the boy forged 500-franc. The boy uses the counterfeit to buy a picture frame. When the core manager in the Photoshop finds, he confronts his partner for accepting a vague note. The partner scolds the core manager back for accepting to counterfeit notes last week. The manager promises to foot gas bills with all the forged notes in their possession. All the forged notes are transferred to the gas man, Yvon. Yvon uses the forged notes to pay for the restaurant tab. However, the waiter notices the vague notes. Yvon is arrested. During the trial, the photoshop denies having given Yvon forged notes. Yvon is not jailed, but he loses his job. He has no other source of income, and therefore he ends up acting as a getaway car driver for robbery activities. However, the robbery does no succeed, and Yvon is arrested. Yvon is sentenced to three years. While still serving his imprisonment term his daughter dies. After that, his wife writes to him alerting him that she is leaving. Yvon attempts suicide, but fortunately, he survives. After three-year imprisonment Yvon has nothing. Immediately, he kills hotel staff and steals theirs till. A kind woman accepts to take in Yvon despite objections from her father. After some time, late in the night, Yvon kills each one in the house using an axe. He then goes to the restaurant and reveals to the police officer what is has done. Again, he is arrested. On the review of Bressons LArgent film, Richard Corliss acknowledges that "exploring the Bresson's film is like exploring on top of Mount Everest. The flow of the film is quite clear, and no element of the film goes without being understood. The adventure viewer of Bressons film is advised to come prepared to experience the new world of the filmmaking(Cunneen Joseph, 2006). Corliss argument elaborates how Bresson artistic style has transformed the film industry to the point where today's filmmakers cannot reach. The film work of Bressons films was designed based on the unique plot and content that fascinates majority of the film artists and viewers even in the current generation. Bressons cinematic style emphasized being visionary in addition to the content provided in the movie. This means that Bresson wanted to show the viewers less and let them suggest more by themselves. Bresson incorporated the viewers in his film work by giving them a chance to infer, think and discover things for themselves(Marzola, 2016). This made the Bressons film viewers to be active participants other than being a passive recipient of the film content. Bressons cinematic style gives the viewers an opportunity to mediate what could have occurred or what is going to occur in the future. Apart from Bresson outstanding style of capturing the images, his directional language correlates with all the aspects of the film. Bresson's use of language can be traced in the characters, images, and sounds used in the film. His directional language was well observed by David Thomson who noted that Bresson's films serve a purpose that other directors are yet to discover. Thomson goes further to note that Bresson is a director to be emulated by the other directors(Thompson Bordwell, 2008). References Cunneen, Joseph. (2006). Robert Bresson: A Spiritual Style in Film. New York: Continuum International Pub. Group. Marzola, L. (2016). A Society Apart: The Early Years of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers. International Journal, 28(4), 1-28. Reader, Keith. (2010). Robert Bresson. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. Thompson, K., Bordwell, D. (2008). Film History: An Introduction. New York: The New York Times.

Internets Adverse Effects on Teenagers free essay sample

Adverse Effects of Internet on Teenagers: Introduction: The use of internet has grown tremendously among the teenagers over the last few decades. This has largely been caused by a variety of reasons such as education and the need for entertainment. The internet provides a variety of free information and resources that can either build or destroy the life of a teenager. As a result, many teenagers have ended destroyed morally and psychologically due to excessive use of the internet for the wrong reasons.As a matter of fact, research shows that many teenagers get excessively addicted to the internet from the first time they gain access information in the web (Kraut Kiesler, 49-74). The growing and excessive use of the internet among the teenagers has also largely been influenced by the affordability and availability of internet both at school and home. This continued use of internet by the teenagers has tremendously affected the teenagers adversely with time. We will write a custom essay sample on Internets Adverse Effects on Teenagers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To be precise, most teenagers who have excessively use internet have continued to have problems academically, socially and even morally.Background Information: Research indicates that in every ten teenagers, nine are regular internet users. According to statistics, 87% of the teenagers in the Western World aged between 12 and 17 are regular users of the internet. 51% of these teenagers visit the internet on regular basis. This actually represents about 21 million teenagers who visit the internet. It has also been found that 81% of the teenage internet users basically use the internet for playing video games. This percentage represents about 17 million teenagers (McKenna Green, 9-31).The figures above are a direct indication that there is an overwhelming increase in the number of teenagers accessing the internet over the last few years. This information implies that most teenagers are therefore openly vulnerable to some of the evil practices that go on over the internet. As a result, the society has continued to bring up teenagers who are morally corrupt. Refutation: It is important to note at this point that most teenagers are quickly getting addicted to internet use.Most teenagers get addicted to the internet because of the following reasons: First, most teenagers believe that the internet is the best source of entertainment. There are many internet sites that provide free games of that the teenagers can play. Most teenagers therefore visit these sites and spend quite a lot of time playing those games. The teenagers find fulfillment in these games and therefore dedicate much time to play such games. The addiction to internet games by the teenagers has largely been encouraged by lack of enough co-curriculum activities in the schools in the current society.With the current globalization, most schools tend to focus more on impartation of academic knowledge to the teenagers paying less attention to other extra-curriculum activities that are important for the mental development of the teenagers. This has therefore left the teenagers seeking for alternate sources of entertainment which they easily find over the internet. These teenagers have therefore grown to believe that the internet is the best source of entertainment.This is absolutely wrong since the internet games ideally promote the culture of selfishness because it gives the teenager a chance to find solace and fulfillment in the machin e. This makes the teenagers to become selfish even as they grow up. Secondly, most teenagers believe that the internet is the best source of informant for academic research. Whenever the teenagers are given class assignments to do, the first research source they run to is the internet. This is because they believe that the internet provides accurate and ready information that can help them to quickly complete their assignments.As a result, many teenagers have been become so addicted to the internet for academic purposes. However, the teenagers need to understand that taking academic materials and reproducing information from the internet can often to academic frauds like plagiarism. The teenagers therefore need to be careful in conducting their research over the internet due to the crime risks they expose themselves to. As a matter of fact, the teenagers need to seek alternate sources of information such as books, journal articles and newspaper articles in conducting their research.This will help them to get information that they fully trust because it is easy to verify the sources of information from books and journal articles. Lastly, most teenagers believe that the internet is the best form of communication. This is because of the various technologies for communication that are actually provided over the internet. Most teenagers tend to lack cellular phones for communication. This gives them the option of communication technologies such as email and chat sessions in different applications over the internet.Through such technologies the teenagers get a chance to effectively communicate with their friends. This has made them believe that the internet is the best source of information since they can easily share their issues with friends over the internet. This is however wrong and should be discouraged. Proper socialization can only be healthy through physically contacting someone. Electronic communication through the internet reduces the relational skills of the teenagers and therefore makes them vulnerable to becoming irresponsible and selfish adults when they grow up.It is important to have good social skills which can only be enhanced through physical relationship (Lee Kuo, 7) Supporting Arguments: Internet use has adverse effects on the teenagers because of the following reasons: Internet expose the teenagers to Internet Crimes against Children. The internet is one of the platforms through which predators tend to find teenagers and grooming them for criminal activities such as the production and distribution of children pornography, stalking and contacting the teenagers for sexu al acts engagement and even exploitation through sexual tourism.Most of the criminals tend to look at teenagers as perfect targets for achieving their criminal motives. This is mainly because most teenagers tend to be naive, trusting, adventurers, curious and seeking attention as well as affection. This, therefore, makes the teenager so vulnerable to being victims of such kind of criminal acts over the internet. In addition, the criminal acts could turn the teenagers into criminals too especially when there are monetary benefits attached to it. Secondly, the internet has the ability to corrupt the good morals of the teenagers.The internet provides quite a lot of free information and services that have the capacity of corrupting the good morals of teenagers. Illicit and immoral information such as pornography can easily become objects of admiration of teenagers over the internet. It is important to note that most teenagers tend to be at the peek of adolescence whereby they enjoy all manner of new things and are very curious to adventure into things. Due to peer pressure and pressure from their physical bodies, the teenagers are most likely to get addicted internet pornography.Accessing such illicit and immoral information can therefore corrupt their innocent minds. This information is dangerous because it can easily transform them into criminals such as rapists. Anytime the teenagers access the illicit information over the internet, they tend to develop the desire to practice what they read and watch over the internet. As a result, such kinds of teenagers end up not concentrating in their academic work and so scoring poor grades in school. Some also drop out school as they turn out to be frequent law offenders (Handbook of child psychology, 1-101).

Making Invitations Tutorial for English Learners

Making Invitations Tutorial for English Learners Making invitations is a fun part of using the English language. Inviting people to join you for dinner, social events, or other occasions is usually done using would like as a polite form rather can you This form can be used for both formal and informal invitations. Remember that would you like ... is always followed by the infinitive form of the verb (to do). Phrases for Inviting People Informal Phrases Would you like to verb? Why dont we verb? Lets verb. How about verb ing? Would you like to have a drink? Why dont we go out for dinner? Lets go out this weekend. How about going to a movie? Indicate that you are making an invitation rather than asking just to do something together by using the following phrases: Im buying.My treat.Its on me.Youre my guest. Lets get a drink. Im buying.Why dont we have breakfast. My treat.Lets go to a bar. Its on me.No, Ill pay the tab. Youre my guest. Formal Phrases Would you like to verb?Id like to ask you to verbIt would be my pleasure if you would verbMay I have the honor of your verbing? Id like to ask you to attend the open ceremonies next week.May we have the honor of your presence at dinner on Friday?It would be my pleasure if you would join us for dinner tonight.Would you like to attend the performance with me? Example Dialogues Person 1: Would you like to join us for dinner this evening?Person 2: Thank you. Yes, that would be very nice. Person 1: Would you like to come with us?Person 2: Sure! Its also common to use suggestion forms in more informal situations to invite other people to join you in doing something. These forms include lets do, how about / what about doing, shall we. Example Dialogues Person 1: Lets go out on the town tonight. Person 2: Yes, lets do that. Person 1: Shall we get some dinner tonight? Person 2: That sounds like fun. Thanking People for Invitations Always thank someone for inviting you to do something. Here are some of the most common forms used to accept an invitation. Thank you very much.That would be nice.Certainly, Id love to...Sure, that would be great! (informal) Example Dialogues Person 1: Would you like to come over for dinner?Person 2: That would be nice. Thank you. Person 1: How about joining us for ice-cream?Person 2: Sure, that would be great! If you are unable to accept an invitation, use one of the following polite phrases to respond. Thank you. Im afraid I have another engagement.Sorry, Im afraid I cant. Practice Situations Find a partner and use these suggestions to practice inviting people for different occasions. Make sure to vary the language you use when practicing rather than using the same phrase over and over again. invite your boss over for dinner next week (formal)invite a friend out for a drink (informal)invite an important person to have lunch with you (formal)invite your brother or sister over for a barbecue (informal)

What to Do If Youre Bored in College

What to Do If You're Bored in College When you thought of what college would be like, you probably didnt think about it being boring. Despite all the activity that takes place on a college campus, there can be times when things do get a wee bit slow. So what can you do to help pass the time? 1. Walk to a New Part of Campus If you need something to do, one of the best ways to find something exciting is to step outside and see whats going on. Put on a pair of comfy shoes, grab your phone, and head outside to explore a part of campus youve never visited before. You just might stumble across a few friends playing rugby, a cool new part of campus where you can study, or an art exhibit that piques your interest. 2. Head to the Gym Dont feel like working out? Hitting the gym might be just the pick-me-up you need to get some energy, refocus your priorities, and pass some time. Plus, youll get exercise and the health benefits to boot. 3. Join or Start a Pick-up Game If things are a little slow on campus, chances are you arent the only one looking for something to do. Head to the gym, see who else is hanging out, and start a pick-up game. Youll burn calories, meet some new people, get some exercise, and pass the time- while possibly earning bragging rights. 4. Read Something for Fun It may sound crazy given how much reading you do in college anyway, but think about it: When was the last time you read a gossip magazine just for fun? Or caught up on the latest news about your favorite sports team?  Head to the bookstore or a local supermarket and, for a few bucks, treat yourself to some fun, easy reading that doesnt require you to take notes. 5. Do Homework in a New Location Consider this, would you rather work on your homework when youre bored or when there are tons of fun, exciting things going on that you dont want to miss? Finding a new study location can also help make doing your homework feel less tedious. A new environment can do wonders for your focus, outlook, and productivity. 6. Hang out in Your Residence Hall Lobby Your residence hall common area might seem like a place that you just pass through on the way to and from your room every day. If you time it right, you can head down, enjoy the extra space, perhaps watch a game on the TV, and meet some new people or hang out with ones you already know. It can be a nice way to do something new in a place that already feels familiar. 7. Watch a Game in Person If youre bored on campus, see if theres a game scheduled. Choose a sport you havent seen in person before. Watching rugby, soccer, softball, lacrosse, or water polo can be a great way to spend an afternoon. 8. Watch a Game on TV or the Internet So, things on campus are a little slow and boring. Grab some friends, head to the dining hall, pick up some snacks and drinks, and watch the game on TV or on the computer in your room. It might not be as exciting as watching the game in person, but it can be a great way to pass the time- especially if the weather outside is far from ideal. 9. Go to an Event Youve Never Attended   The chances of absolutely  nothing  happening on your campus at any given point in time are pretty slim. The problem might be, however, that the things that are going on just arent on your radar. Challenge yourself to step outside of your comfort zone and attend an event that youve never gone to before. 10. Go to a Cultural Event off Campus Cant find anything to do on campus? Check out the local entertainment listings of whats happening  off  campus. A  poetry slam, art fair, music festival, or some  other event can be just what you need to turn a boring day into a memorable one and get familiar with your new city at the same time. 11. Go to a Museum off Campus Youre in college because you enjoy learning new things and living an intellectual life. Take that smarty-pants brain of yours and go learn something new at a museum exhibit in town. Viewing something new and exciting from a certain time period, artist, photographer, or sculptor can be a great learning experience. If youre lucky, you can even use what you learned as bonus points in an upcoming class assignment. 12. Call and Catch up With a High School Friend Things can get so busy in college that it can be difficult to  keep in touch with your high school or hometown friends. When was the last time you had a nice, long phone call with a friend you knew before you left for college? If you have some free time and are a little bored, use the break to your advantage and catch up with an old friend. 13. Hang out in the Campus Coffee Shop The campus coffee shop offers far more than just your favorite kind of coffee. It can be a good place to get some work done, surf the Internet, people watch, or otherwise just hang out. And if youre bored, it can be a great place to get a change of scenery without spending  too much money. 14. Grab Some Friends and Head to a Movie off Campus   If you use your  student discount, you can catch a new movie, have some social time, get off campus, and mentally check out  from the stress of college life  for a few hours- all at a discounted price. 15. Grab Some Friends and Watch a Movie Online   If the weather is bad but you need something to do, grab some friends and stream a movie in someones room. Even if its a horrible movie, you and your friends will have something to laugh about. 16. Do Something Creative   For students lucky enough to have a creative streak, the time to relax and make something just for fun is rare. Turn a boring afternoon into one of those moments when you can let your creativity flow without having to worry about your upcoming assignment. 17. Crank up the Music and Organize Your Life Use a free (read: boring) afternoon to do all the things you dont want to  do  but actually need to get  done. Do your laundry,  clean up  your room, organize your paperwork, make sure your  calendar/time management system  is up to date, and generally get your  to-do list  done. Cranking up the music (or watching a movie) can help make the tasks go faster. The way youll feel when everything is done will be well worth it.

Three advantages of having globalization in Islamic Societies Term Paper

Three advantages of having globalization in Islamic Societies - Term Paper Example Globalization's flourishing of education has numerous advantages to Islamic Societies. First is the benefit of education that will not only make Muslims educated but will also enable them to fulfill their duties of attaining education (IslamiCentre 1). Through globalization, education will also become accessible to everybody and this will include the poor who would hugely benefit from a universal education because it would become affordable (if not free) and accessible to them (YaleInsights 1). Education will suddenly be transformed from being only available to the few and the elite to the general masses of Muslim. Globalization will also become education cheaper and thereby, affordable for almost every Muslim. The Muslims who never saw a classroom or a teacher can now be reached through globalization's global village that the day will come that every Muslim will become educated making Islamic society the center of learning again. Globalization’s advantage will also help propa gate the proper teachings of Islam. Its scholars would be able to reach more Muslims and this would result to more educated Muslims understanding the Quran and in the process helping them to become better Muslims and better persons. The proper teaching of Islam will also prevent its misuse where evil deeds are committed its name. Through the proper teaching of Islam, the extremists can no longer justify their acts because Muslims will find it unacceptable having understood the Quran well for they are properly educated. In the same manner, the West can no longer blame Islam for its terror because it will understand that Islam is never a religion of conflict and ignorance but a rather religion of peace and learning. A globalized environment will also increase the cooperation and collaboration between Islamic nations and it can lead to economic success in different Islamic countries. This can be done through increased trade, mutual protection and greater cooperation. Thus, poverty in t he Muslim world will cease and Islam can no longer be blamed for poverty. This will strengthen Islamic societies because when they are no longer poor, they will have more time and energy for study and self-development. In the process it will make Muslims closer to one another and in so doing, strengthens the bond between them making them brothers and sisters in Islam. This bond brought by globalization can address the common issue of Islam's fragmentation that Shininy stated in his study that there is lack of unity between various Arab nations. With globalization, there will be more opportunities for Muslims around the world to interact thereby making Muslims united again. In addition, globalization will make the mobility of people faster and this will help Muslims visit each other to foster unity. This unity can also counter the influence of the Western world and preserve the culture and tradition of Islam which had been assailed since (Shibiny X). In addition to the preservation o f Islamic culture and tradition from the influence of the West, globalization's trade can also lead to the strengthening of the ties of different nations in the Islamic world

Enhlis CASE 3 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Enhlis CASE 3 - Term Paper Example Prezi is sometimes is called the zooming presentation, and it is used to create presentations that are considered more dynamic than power point. The presentation or the story is laid out in a visual canvas and the area can be changed to see more details or less detail. Power point is more flexible for some slide purposes and you can do a variety of things with it. Discussion There are certain differences between the two software, and the biggest difference is probably the non-linear nature of Prezi against the linear structure of power point. In many occasions power point remains the staple for most presentations and forms the basis for much of the visual content delivered in online presentations and trainings ( Bunzel, 2006). Let’s try a completely non-linear presenting or for teaching approach. Like having a very detailed Prezi and takes cues from your audience at which bits they want to look at: if the learners can access then you don’t have to use traditional presen tation in the beginning. Power point has linear navigation, uses slide stack layout, computer based, and has multiple printing options. Power point is more popular than Prezi which is non-linear, uses map layout, web based, and has limited printing options. Try and present your learners with Prezi to look around, you can also try and add your content. Learners will work through and take notes or use the content that they find most useful. Power point is good at creating lecture framework, visualizing content, organizing student note-taking, and explaining complex concepts and processes through charts, graphs and animations. The look of your presentation of power point software can be affected by difference in font sizes in different computers (Norwood, 2009). Prezi is a presentation that allows you to display your ideas in form of images, text, videos. Etc., by planning to them or zooming in on them. With the ability to zoom the images, Prezi also provide some tools to edit those ob jects including tools to rotate, resize, recolor, and crop them. With the high and faster technological growth in the world, the use of power point is become more unreliable compared to Prezi. In fact, (Norwood, 2009), says that, ‘power point presentation are so ubiquitous these days that the mere name of this software has become synonymous with ‘boring’ and ‘mundane’.’ Prezi being an online based becomes a more evolutional and convenient software. The use of Prezi for system upgrade is more effective and brings more impacts to the new jobs. The use of Prezi provides a wide range of presentation and is more productive nowadays than power point. Unlike power point prezi is not being affected by the difference in fonts of different computer systems. Therefore it’s more productive and easy to access. Power point is always installed in the system. That makes it difficult to share the work done with power point to other people. Being online b ased software, Prezi is an alternative for student’s lecturers, and researchers. The ease of sharing the worksheet and personal presentation via internet since it’s an online software. The use of Prezi can be highly recommended for upgrading since it is a best chance of improving income. The use of Prezi is convenient in advertising, mailing and any business related work. To improve corporate finance it’s advisable to use Prezi. Conclusion It is clearer that most people use power point than Prezi.

Concern about Apollo Audit Essay Example for Free

Concern about Apollo Audit Essay While looking over the planning material for Apollo Shoes, I came across a situation I would like to bring to your attention regarding a potential risk factor. I identified the risk in the recorded minutes for the meeting held on June 30, 2011, found on page 33 of the planning materials. It explains that Apollo will advance Mr. Lancaster’s secretary a personal loan in the amount of one million dollar. He suggested the loan to be recorded as â€Å"other receivables† rather than â€Å"employee advances† so shareholders would not be troubled by this amount. In addition, Mr. Lancaster asked for the check to be given directly to him and he would give his secretary the money in cash. In my opinion, the loan was handled in a questionable manner. Apollo should not try to deceive their shareholders by recording the loan incorrectly, and the check should have been written directly to Mr. Lancaster’s secretary. Because of this suspicious behavior, I assess this situation to be high risk. If you have any more questions regarding this situation please feel free to call me at any time, (281) 579-3301.

Ca Twiste a Popenguine :: essays research papers

Ca Twiste a Popenguine It was hard to find symbolism in this film since their culture was very colonialized. It seemed as though the culture was so European/American that the culture was gone. Even though it was hard, I was still able to find some cultural symbolisms. The different groups of friends were completely different from each other. There was the group that wanted to be popular and get all the girls with a party, and there was a group that had all the music records that the other needed. That was the group that was trying to make money as well. Both parties also wanted girls. The fact that these two groups had seemingly presented themselves as gangs shows how much they wanted to be apart from each other. The gangs symbolized the separatism of the youth. The catch to their separateness is that they really needed one another to get what they wanted. The one group needed music and the other group needed money. They ended up making a deal with each other, which was conspired by Bacc. The fact that they were able to come together like that symbolized that they really should be together. Both of the groups had one very main thing in common. They both wanted girls. It seemed as though the girls in this film symbolized power. Girls made them feel better about themselves. Girls made them powerful. Another sign of symbolism in this film was the pictures. It seemed as though the pictures inspired these people. They wanted to be just like the people in the pictures. The pictures symbolized the colonizer. The only colonizer in this film was the

Film “Gothika” Essay

In the 2003 film â€Å"Gothika† Halle Berry plays a psychiatrist who loses her memory and wakes up in an insane asylum, the same one where she had previously been a staff physician. She is confused, disoriented and has lost time. Pete, a psychiatrist played by Robert Downey Jr. , is the doctor assigned to her care and Doug, her husband, had been the doctor in charge of the facility. Miranda, Berry’s character, eventually learns that her husband has been killed and that she has been arrested and charged with his murder (Kassovitz, 2003). From the very beginning, the movie pretends to psychology right. But unfortunately, it is largely just pretending. The first problem in the movie occurs with the description of Miranda’s psychotic break and the actions leading to it. The doctors caring for Miranda argue that her mental illness resulted from her accident, not the other way around. At first, they simply explain her illness as a traumatic amnesia brought on by the horror of murdering her husband. Or, they allege, the amnesia might be related to the head injury from the car accident and unrelated to her mental condition. Her doctor also asks her about drugs that she may have taken to cause the violence (killing her husband) or her amnesia. While it is appropriate to be concerned about a drug-related cause for amnesia (Merck, 2007) it is unreasonable to believe that those involved in her treatment would not have conducted blood tests to detect drug use prior to the questioning. The movie tells us Miranda has been out of touch with her mind for three days when she awakens in the asylum, so the mere idea that they would not have conducted blood tests and have the results back by then seems implausible. The next major mistake the movie makes in its portrayal of Miranda’s mental illness and treatment is that Pete is assigned to do her evaluation. While it can be argued that in some areas he might be the only doctor available, as one is dead and another accused of the murder, the story came before the reality of treatment standards in the movie. It seems as though Berry’s character may even recognize this as she tries to get a handle on her relationship with Pete, asking him if they had an affair or wanted to have one (Kassovitz, 2003). This immediately calls into question the ethics of the doctor and the accuracy of any judgment he makes regarding her condition. The film then tries to confuse the viewer with the question of whether Miranda is suffering some sort of psychotic break ro is truly being haunted by ghosts. From a diagnostic perspective, Miranda’s symptoms include the fugue when she was admitted, her loss of memory, and eventually, though she is loathe to admit this to her doctor, seeing and hearing her â€Å"ghost†. (Kassovitz, 2003). The film even goes so far as to have Miranda address her hallucination, saying â€Å": I am a rational person. I believe in science. I don’t believe in the paranormal, and I don’t believe in ghosts. But if you are the ghost of Rachel Parsons, can you let me out of this cell? † (Kassovitz, 2003). The professionals, upon hearing her tale of seeing ghosts, move right from a diagnosis of traumatic amnesia to a diagnosis of schizophrenia, skipping right part delusional. This is not accurate in the least. First, there is Miranda’s statement regarding her interaction with the ghost. She is still logical enough to know that interaction with a ghost is unreasonable and generally accepted as a mental dysfunction. â€Å"Schizophrenia is characterized by psychosis (loss of contact with reality), hallucinations (false perceptions), delusions (false beliefs), disorganized speech and behavior, flattened affect (restricted range of emotions), cognitive deficits (impaired reasoning and problem solving), and occupational and social dysfunction. † (Merck, 2007) If she were schizophrenic, it is unlikely that she would have retained her logical mind enough to realize that she was being illogical. The fact that her educated mind could still identify her behaviors as irrational is one of the clearest indicators that she was not suffering from the cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. Next, there is the appearance of the ghost herself. If Miranda’s delusions had been limited to fleeting images or auditory hallucinations, her symptoms would have been consistent with schizophrenia. However, the presence of an identifiable visual hallucination makes the illness more in line with the symptoms of delusional disorders than schizophrenia (Allpsych, 2007). â€Å"A delusion is a belief that is clearly false and that indicates an abnormality in the affected person’s content of thought. The false belief is not accounted for by the person’s cultural or religious background or his or her level of intelligence. The key feature of a delusion is the degree to which the person is convinced that the belief is true. A person with a delusion will hold firmly to the belief regardless of evidence to the contrary. Delusions can be difficult to distinguish from overvalued ideas, which are unreasonable ideas that a person holds, but the affected person has at least some level of doubt as to its truthfulness. A person with a delusion is absolutely convinced that the delusion is real. † (Mind Disorders, 2007). The simple truth is that if Miranda had been suffering from either of these mental disorders, her symptoms would have 1) been more extreme in the case of schizophrenia or 2) come with a total belief in her delusion. She would no longer question whether ghosts were real. The final implied diagnosis of the film is that Miranda has been suffering abuse at the hands of a sadistic and manipulative serial killer who also happens to be her husband. Once the ghost leads Miranda to her husband’s torture and abuse chamber, the viewer is left with the impression that Miranda’s mental illness including the delusion of seeing the ghost was her mind’s way of dealing with the threat from her husband and becoming strong enough to deal with his abuse. This is complete and utter Hollywood tripe. While it is possible for battered woman to lose control and kill her husband in a situation where she fears for her life, Miranda’s symptoms are completely out of sync with the typical description of BWS (McElroy, 2002). Most likely, this was an attempt by the writer to draw sympathy for the character that did, in fact, kill her husband. If the movie had intended to portray mental illness in an appropriate fashion, it simply would have to stop with the obvious ghost story. The problem was that the writer wanted to create a story in which a ghost was used to explain away mental illness or a mental illness was sued to explain away an encounter with the supernatural. Either way, they failed. By showing the viewer the ghost, the viewer does not question Miranda’s sanity. After all, we’ve seen it too. To be more in tune with the diagnosis they were most likely going for, schizophrenia, the movie should have relied on an unseen presence and given perfectly reasonable explanations for things that happen, i. e. show Pete leaving her cell unlocked so that she an escape and conduct her investigation. As it is, the film fails as a ghost story and fails as a psychological thriller. Had it been done properly, it could have succeeded at both. WORKS CITED â€Å"Delusions† , November 18, 2007. Kassovitz, Mathieu (Director) and Sebastian Guitierrez (Writer). â€Å"Gothika†. USA:Columbia Pictures, 2003. McElroy, Wendy. â€Å"Battered Women’s Syndrome: Science or Sham? † The Independent Institute, October 28, 2002< http://www. independent. org/aboutus/person_detail. asp? id=488> November 18, 2007. â€Å"Prognosis and Treatment†, November 19, 2007. Psychotic Disorders , < http://allpsych. com/disorders/psychotic/index. html>, November 18, 2007.

Novel and Book Thief

Power of LanguageOne option: In The Book Thief, words have the power to both destroy and save lives. Examine how characters in the novel (for example, Liesel, Max, Ilsa Hermann, Hitler, Rosa and/or Hans) use words to destroy and to save. What are some of the effects of their words? Discuss at least two characters’ relationships with the power of language.Another option: The Book Thief is, on one level, the story of Liesel Meminger’s relationship with books. At the beginning of Zusak’s novel, Death advises the reader, â€Å"All told, she owned fourteen books, but she saw her story as being made up predominantly of ten of them. Of those ten, six were stolen, one showed up at the kitchen table, two were made for her by a hidden Jew, and one was delivered by a soft, yellow-dressed afternoon. When she came to write her story, she would wonder exactly when the books and the words started to mean not just something, but everything† (30).Near the end of the novel, Liesel confesses her conflicting emotions about the major’s wife’s library, â€Å"I love this place and hate it, because it is full of words† (522). Discuss at least two of Liesel’s books, and the significance of those books to her developing appreciation of the power of language.Power of language – Journal entries that might inspire you 1/15, 1/19Liesel’s Books (Books # 1-4) 1/22, 1/25Book # 5 2/3, 2/4Books #6 and 7 2/5, 2/8Book #8 2/11, 2/16Books # 9-11 2/25, 2/26Books # 12-13Your notes (your ideas for essay, Book Thief pages, Book Thief quotations)Utopia/dystopia A utopia is an imaginary place, situated in a particular time and space, that is socially, morally, and politically ideal. A dystopia is an imaginary place, also situated in a particular time or place, but which is socially, morally, and politically terrible, a state in which people are dehumanized, oppressed, terrorized, or completely dominated. While these are imaginary places , all societies display some characteristics of both. Find and discuss utopian and dystopian moments throughout The Book Thief. Is there a connection between the two? Are they dependent upon one another?Utopia/dystopia – Journal entries that might inspire you 1/22, 1/25Perfect Place – Book Thief characters 2/19, 2/22Two charactersYour notes (your ideas for essay, Book Thief pages, Book Thief quotations)Upstander triangle Each character in The Book Thief played a role in World War II Nazi Germany. Some were victims, others were perpetrators of evil and injustice, and many others (who chose to take no action) were bystanders. Among them, however, were rescuers or upstanders who acted against the evil and injustice they saw around them. Describe the roles that characters in The Book Thief fit into, and how they came to play each role. What qualities did the characters possess to fit into these roles? Did some characters play more than one role at a time? Did they change r oles? Why? What inspired or invited or compelled characters to move from bystanders to upstanders/rescuers?Upstander triangle – Journal entries that might inspire you 1/28, 1/29 â€Å"What Role Do You Choose?† triangle 2/19, 2/22Two characters 2/19, 2/22Rescuer biography (on assigned rescuer)Your notes (your ideas for essay, Book Thief pages, Book Thief quotations)Character analysis Compare and contrast two characters in The Book Thief. Focus on personality traits, where the characters fit in the upstander triangle, whether they perceive their world as more utopian or dystopian, and their perspectives on the power of language. How are these characters important to a core message (theme) that Zusak expresses through his novel?Character analysis – Journal entries that might inspire you 1/13, 1/14Hans v. Rosa Venn diagram 1/13, 1/14Frau Diller and Rudy Steiner Notes Homework 1/22, 1/25Perfect Place – Book Thief characters 1/28, 1/29 â€Å"What Role Do You C hoose?† triangle 2/19, 2/22Two charactersYour notes (your ideas for essay, Book Thief pages, Book Thief quotations) Novel and Book Thief Power of LanguageOne option: In The Book Thief, words have the power to both destroy and save lives. Examine how characters in the novel (for example, Liesel, Max, Ilsa Hermann, Hitler, Rosa and/or Hans) use words to destroy and to save. What are some of the effects of their words? Discuss at least two characters’ relationships with the power of language.Another option: The Book Thief is, on one level, the story of Liesel Meminger’s relationship with books. At the beginning of Zusak’s novel, Death advises the reader, â€Å"All told, she owned fourteen books, but she saw her story as being made up predominantly of ten of them. Of those ten, six were stolen, one showed up at the kitchen table, two were made for her by a hidden Jew, and one was delivered by a soft, yellow-dressed afternoon. When she came to write her story, she would wonder exactly when the books and the words started to mean not just something, but everything† (30). Near the end of the novel , Liesel confesses her conflicting emotions about the major’s wife’s library, â€Å"I love this place and hate it, because it is full of words† (522). Discuss at least two of Liesel’s books, and the significance of those books to her developing appreciation of the power of language.Power of language – Journal entries that might inspire you 1/15, 1/19Liesel’s Books (Books # 1-4) 1/22, 1/25Book # 5 2/3, 2/4Books #6 and 7 2/5, 2/8Book #8 2/11, 2/16Books # 9-11 2/25, 2/26Books # 12-13Your notes (your ideas for essay, Book Thief pages, Book Thief quotations)Utopia/dystopiaA utopia is an imaginary place, situated in a particular time and space, that is socially, morally, and politically ideal. A dystopia is an imaginary place, also situated in a particular time or place, but which is socially, morally, and politically terrible, a state in which people are dehumanized, oppressed, terrorized, or completely dominated. While these are imaginary places , all societies display some characteristics of both. Find and discuss utopian and dystopian moments throughout The Book Thief. Is there a connection between the two? Are they dependent upon one another?Utopia/dystopia – Journal entries that might inspire you 1/22, 1/25Perfect Place – Book Thief characters 2/19, 2/22Two charactersYour notes (your ideas for essay, Book Thief pages, Book Thief quotations)Upstander triangleEach character in The Book Thief played a role in World War II Nazi Germany. Some were victims, others were perpetrators of evil and injustice, and many others (who chose to take no action) were bystanders. Among them, however, were rescuers or upstanders who acted against the evil and injustice they saw around them. Describe the roles that characters in The Book Thief fit into, and how they came to play each role. What qualities did the characters possess to fit into these roles? Did some characters play more than one role at a time? Did they change ro les? Why? What inspired or invited or compelled characters to move from bystanders to upstanders/rescuers?Upstander triangle – Journal entries that might inspire you 1/28, 1/29 â€Å"What Role Do You Choose?† triangle 2/19, 2/22Two characters 2/19, 2/22Rescuer biography (on assigned rescuer)Your notes (your ideas for essay, Book Thief pages, Book Thief quotations)Character analysisCompare and contrast two characters in The Book Thief. Focus on personality traits, where the characters fit in the upstander triangle, whether they perceive their world as more utopian or dystopian, and their perspectives on the power of language. How are these characters important to a core message (theme) that Zusak expresses through his novel?Character analysis – Journal entries that might inspire you 1/13, 1/14Hans v. Rosa Venn diagram 1/13, 1/14Frau Diller and Rudy Steiner Notes Homework 1/22, 1/25Perfect Place – Book Thief characters 1/28, 1/29 â€Å"What Role Do You Cho ose?† triangle 2/19, 2/22Two charactersYour notes (your ideas for essay, Book Thief pages, Book Thief quotations)

The Difference Between Molality and Molarity

The Difference Between Molality and Molarity If you pick up a stock solution from a shelf in the lab and its 0.1 m HCl, do you know if thats a 0.1 molal solution or a 0.1 molar solution, or if there is even a difference? Understanding  molality and  molarity is important in chemistry because these units are among the most commonly used to describe solution concentration. What m and M Mean in Chemistry Both m and M are units of the concentration of a chemical solution. The lowercase m indicates molality, which is calculated using moles of solute per kilograms of solvent. A solution using these units is called a molal solution (e.g., 0.1 m NaOH is a 0.1 molal solution of sodium hydroxide). Uppercase M is molarity, which is moles of solute per liter of solution (not solvent). A solution using this unit is termed  a molar solution (e.g., 0.1 M NaCl is a 0.1 molar solution of sodium chloride). Formulas for Molality and Molarity Molality (m) moles solute / kilograms solventThe units of molality are mol/kg. Molarity (M) moles solute / liters solutionThe units of molarity are mol/L. When m and M Are Almost the Same If your solvent is water at room temperature, m and M can be roughly the same, so if an exact concentration doesnt matter, you can use either solution. The values are closest to each other when the amount of solute is small because molality is for kilograms of solvent, while molarity takes into account the volume of the entire solution. So, if the solute takes up a lot of volume in a solution, m and M wont be as comparable. This brings up a common mistake people make when preparing molar solutions. Its important to dilute a molar solution to the correct volume rather than add a volume of solvent. For example, if youre making 1 liter of a 1 M NaCl solution, you would first measure one mole of salt, add it to a beaker or volumetric flask, and then dilute the salt with water to reach the 1-liter mark. It is incorrect to mix one mole of salt and one liter of water. Molality and molarity are not interchangeable at high solute concentrations, in situations where the temperature changes, or when the solvent is not water. When to Use One Over the Other Molarity is more common because most solutions are made by measuring solutes by mass and then diluting a solution to the desired concentration with a liquid solvent. For typical lab use, its easy to make and use a molar concentration. Use molarity for dilute aqueous solutions at a constant temperature. Molality is used when the solute and solvent interact with each other, when the temperature of the solution will change, when the solution is concentrated, or for a nonaqueous solution. You would also use molality rather than molarity when youre calculating boiling point, boiling point elevation, melting point, or freezing point depression or working with other colligative properties of matter. Learn More Now that you understand what molarity and molality are, learn how to calculate them and how to use concentration to determine mass, moles, or volume of the components of a solution.

20 Tips for Freelance Writers

20 Tips for Freelance Writers 20 Tips for Freelance Writers 20 Tips for Freelance Writers By Mark Nichol Whether you’re moonlighting as a writer or it’s your sole source of income, you must take it seriously in all aspects, from workplace organization to work habits to professional development to marketing to client relations. Here’s some advice about succeeding as a professional writer: 1. Establish a professional work environment. Even if you don’t have a dedicated home office, set up your workspace to maximize your comfort and productivity, with equipment, supplies, and reference works well organized and handy. Impress on family and friends the importance of respecting your space and your time. (Working at home is a much more familiar concept than it used to be, but some people still don’t consider freelancing a real job). 2. Research reasonable compensation for your particular market niche or for the media in which you want to be published, and ask for it. If you’re just starting out, negotiate at the low end of the range. When you’ve reached a certain level of success, expect high-end compensation. Don’t waste your time on projects that pay little or nothing unless the topic or the client has some special meaning for you. Accepting meager pay depresses the freelance industry. But be realistic about your monetary worth in a highly competitive business. 3. Educate yourself about marketing, negotiation, and general communication skills to help build confidence when it comes time to submitting queries, discussing compensation, and corresponding during and between projects. 4. Develop the discipline to do the hardest or least pleasant tasks first and save the best for last. You may have a hard time getting started each day, but you’ll be glad you got the difficult work out of the way, and the day will only get better. 5. If you devote a certain amount of time to working each day but you temporarily have too little work to fill it, spend the rest of the time researching your next clients or projects and writing and submitting queries. 6. Treat all your correspondence as if it were an assignment: Write impeccably, with no content or factual errors. Double-check personal names, job titles, and company names before you type them. 7. Keep meticulous records when tracking submissions and responses, scheduling assignment timelines, and updating contact information. 8. Advertise using strategies old and new, from flyers and newspaper ads to online marketing and your own professional Web site. But don’t wait for work to come to you. In addition to researching national or international companies, organizations, and publications you’d like to write for, investigate local opportunities such as community-based nonprofit organizations. 9. Build relationships with other freelance writers. Establish client-exchange agreements: If you’re too busy to accept a project, you’ll recommend someone else; in return, they’ll do the same for you. Don’t treat colleagues as an enemy you have to keep client contacts or trade secrets from. 10. Join professional organizations and attend workshop and conferences when you can. Research the writing business, and keep up on emerging opportunities and trends. 11. Don’t miss deadlines. Don’t miss deadlines. Don’t miss deadlines. Did I mention that you shouldn’t miss deadlines? 12. If you’re going to miss a deadline, let your client know as soon as possible. Don’t offer a reason, don’t make excuses, don’t ask for forgiveness. Simply request the shortest possible extension you can manage, promise that the project will be in your client’s email in-box or on their desk first thing in the morning on the new deadline date, and deliver on that promise. When you submit the project, ask for a chance to redeem yourself a new project you will complete for a reduced or waived fee and get it in early. 13. Expect and accept revisions, formatting alterations, scheduling changes, and anything else you can imagine (and some things you can’t). If you can’t be flexible about such things, you’re in the wrong line of work. 14. Be firm and insistent about being paid on time. Clients may assume that your freelance work is a sideline, not the way you make a living, and may not appreciate the importance of paying you punctually. Correct this misapprehension in no uncertain terms. If the issue strains your working relationship, that’s a sign that a relationship with this client is not a good investment of your time and energy. 15. Ask satisfied clients to serve as references or write brief referral notes. Keep reference contact information and referrals in a single Microsoft Word document so you can copy and paste them into a new document or into the body of an email to a client as needed. 16. Once you’ve developed a successful track record, consider presenting yourself as an authority on freelance writing. (If you’re successful, you must be doing it right.) Look for opportunities to speak about your work before community groups, teach classes and workshops, and write about the business of writing. These activities will look good on your resume and may result in acquisition of new clients. 17. Prioritize your clients: When you find projects that are engaging and rewarding, knock yourself out keeping that client happy. If another client asks for numerous rewrites, is always slow in responding, or won’t give you a â€Å"raise† after several projects or when you decide to raise your rates for cost-of-living increases, jettison that client to make room for a better relationship. Keeping that client in hopes that things will get better is a counterproductive strain on your business. 18. Communicate with your clients: If you’re unsure about assignment procedures, restate them in reply in your own words and ask for confirmation that you understand directions. Help clients understand their own work: Some companies and organizations assign project management to people with insufficient aptitude or time for managing projects successfully. Tactfully suggest more efficient procedures or more effective design, presentation, or organization, regardless of the person’s apparent level of expertise. 19. Ask what else you can do to help with the project. Does the client need a source list for fact-checking? Would they like a sidebar, or links to pertinent Web sites? Are they unsure about whether to present the product as a brochure or a newsletter, or how many parts to divide it into? Clients have problems. Offer to solve them or, at the very least, help this project go smoothly as much as possible so that they can attend to problem projects. 20. Do everything in your power to build an association in clients’ minds between you and successful, high-quality projects. Think of, and market, yourself as a problem solver. Build a relationship so that when clients need help, they think of you. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:5 Uses of InfinitivesWhat is Dative Case?The "Pied" in The Pied Piper

Catfish and Mandala Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Catfish and Mandala - Essay Example His identity as a Viet-kieu - a Vietnamese who now lives in a foreign land like the United States (Martin, 2000), had brought him as much challenge as he had ever thought of. At a certain point in someone else's life, there comes a point when, even if the situation tells you that you have been the luckiest man in the world, there is only emptiness felt. Just like Andrew Pham who had been a successful engineer in California, found nothing but emptiness alone even as, according to the norms of the society, he had been victorious against the battle of the foreign land he used to know twenty years ago. When his post-operated transsexual sister had committed suicide, Pham found it hard to have peace of mind. He blames himself for his sister's untimely death. Thus, eager to find out what brought his sister to commit such unforgivable act, he went back to his hometown to figure out his real identity as a Vietnamese-American who feels out-of-place in a country he had lived for over twenty years already yet unwelcome due to their race. Catfish and Mandala is a book that is a combination of a travelogue, a memoir, and a self-discovery help book in one. The plot of the story varies from Pham's journey around the Pacific Rim, through Japan and finally through his homeland, covering the stretch of the American-built Highway 1 from Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) to Hanoi, and the details of his family's struggles when hey first stepped onto the foreign land of the United States. Pham was able to illustrate his family's struggle against racism and the language barrier for which they had felt how it was being a stranger lost in a land you know nothing about. There was at the same time enough evidences shown in the story regarding the confusions that had them torn between two extremely different customs - the American culture and the Vietnamese culture - that are essential in recognizing one's own identity. ("Paperbacks") The moment Pham had set foot on the Vietnam land, various thoughts of his childhood occurred to him. Although they had been bleak, Pham could remember how his childhood had shaped his future that he holds in his hands at present. Now, bicycling and looking around the country where he had been born, Pham could not even at the least feel sorry for the people who had remained in the country after the fall of Saigon. He felt hardly against their situation and blamed such luck on their capitalist society. Pham, instead of feeling apologetic about the condition of his fellow Vietnamese of the lingering poverty that they still have after a long time, he felt nothing but to blame them for what they have become. But his quest to finding his own identity had made him feel good, but at the same time bad. He had the best privileges of being recognized as a Viet-kieu. On the other hand, he had worst experiences for being mistaken for being a Japanese or a Korean. (Martin, 2000) Pham had been able to meet different kinds of people. Some of whom had been like his old friends and some were total strangers to him. Every single conversation with them was like bits and pieces of puzzles that automatically bring itself in its place that makes up his identity. Pham needs no longer find where to put each piece into the right place because it involuntarily puts itself to where

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Research Paper

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - Research Paper Example There are unique behaviors associated with ADHD. Some of these include difficulties in maintaining focus, becoming easily distracted, a child being easily bored, difficulties in becoming organized and completing a specific task, daydreaming etc. Research indicates that ferritin is one of the major contributors to these behavioral problems that are reported by both the teachers and parents. Iron contributes largely towards brain development. As a result, ADHD has been potentially linked with ID for different reasons. First, it is a disorder that appears during early childhood periods. Second, studies have linked ADHD to dopaminergic dysfunction. Nevertheless, iron supplements were found to have been attenuating ADHD symptoms in children with ID. There have been different opinions of if oral contraceptives affect bone density in reproductive-aged women. Research was conducted and a conclusion was reached that oral contraceptives have no change on the bone density therefore erasing fears that these drugs might have been causing ADHD in children In conclusion, iron is an important component in brain development of a child. In addition, it contributes heavily to the formation of body neurons. As a result, expectant mothers are expected to take a balanced diet in order to supply the fetus with enough iron.

Integrated Marketing Communication and Information Technology Research Paper

Integrated Marketing Communication and Information Technology - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that with the development of Internet technology consumer’s behavior, lifestyle and expectations have changed dramatically, thus making marketers and other professionals adjust to these changes. All these changes have been transformed into special subject known as Integrated Marketing Communication. Nowadays, in order to be successful, many companies have successfully adopted the principles of Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC). The American Association of Advertising Agencies defines IMC as a â€Å"concept of marketing communication, which sees the added value in an all-inclusive plan†, whereas the strategic importance of various communication tools (such as advertising, public relations, sales promotion, direct marketing) taken into account. This approach allows marketers â€Å"to ensure clarity, consistency and maximum communication impact†. One of the companies who has adopted IMC to its strategy is global com pany Samsung. In October 2011 Samsung rolled out Galaxy Note – the smartphone with a screen diagonal width of 5, 3-inches. These sizes of the smartphone were quite unusual and made it be perceived as a hybrid between the smartphone and tablet. There were many skeptics who were doubtful about the success of this particular product due to its unusual sizes. However, the company has achieved fabulous success having sold five million units of the Galaxy Note in the first five months. The launch of the second version of the Galaxy Note with 5,5-inches screen also has proved to be successful, as global sales have reached 10 million in the second half of 2012. The success formula of the Galaxy Note was comprised of three main factors, including the following: technological advancement, global operations and branding of Samsung, and unique marketing strategy.

Effectiveness and Efficiency of Distribution Channels In FMCG

Effectiveness and Efficiency of Distribution Channels In FMCG Fast Moving Consumer Goods popularly known FMCG is as the name suggests is the most demanded products in the market. It includes everything from food items like flour, biscuits, ice creams, etc to body products soaps, face creams to cigarettes to beverages, etc. consumers need these things in their everyday life so they invests a good portion of there income in these things. There are so many companies which are dealing in FMCG products like HUL, Dabur, Cavin Care, AMUL dealing in dairy products, etc. By the vary nature of the product the companies are seeing this as a great source of income. As large number of companies are looking this sector as a profitable venture, so for sustaining there position and gain new market they have to bring some thing unique in their products or services to gain position in the market or to sustain there. In modern business distribution network has a great impact on the success of any business. In the FMCG segment the role of a excellent distribution channel becomes even more crucial because the delivery of FMCG Product is confined to day to day basic. Hence in order to survive and thrive in a highly competitive market you have to have a distribution channel which has no problem at any point of the distribution channel. The factor which is of crucial importance to survive in any business is the understanding of the mind of the individual consumers. What are main characteristics which consumer consider while making a purchasing decision regarding FMCG Product. In order to make right decision regarding all these aspects the company requires a complete knowledge of the problems faced in distribution channel and what should be done in order to overcome all these problems. Better infrastructure facilities will improve their supply chain. FMCG sector is also likely to benefit from growing demand in the market. Because of the low per capita consumption for almost all the products in the country, FMCG companies have immense possibilities for growth. And if the companies are able to change the mindset of the consumers, i.e. if they are able to take the consumers to branded products and offer new generation products, they would be able to generate higher growth in the near future. Table of Contents Introduction A Distribution Channel is a set of interdependent organizations (intermediaries) involved in the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption by the consumer or business user. Channel decisions are among the most important decisions that management faces and will directly affect every other marketing decision. Functions of Distribution Channel All Use Up Scarce Resources All May Often Be Performed Better Through Specialization All Can Often Be Shifted Among Channel Members Types of Distribution Channel A channel of distribution or trade channel is the path or route along which goods move from producers to ultimate consumers or industrial users. In other words, it is the distribution network through which a producer puts his product in the hands of actual users. The channel of distribution includes the original producer, the final buyer and any middlemen-either wholesaler or retailer. The term middleman refers to any institution or individual in the channel which either acquires title to the goods or negotiates or sells in the capacity of an agent or broker. But facilitating agencies that perform or assist in marketing function are not included as middlemen in the channel of distribution. This is because they neither acquire title to the goods nor negotiate purchase or sale. Such facilitating agencies include banks, railways, roadways, warehouses, insurance companies, advertising agencies, etc. The following diagram (chart) is illustrative of the channel of distribution which may exist in a market: The above chart indicates that the number of middlemen may vary. If there is direct sale by the produce to the consumers then there is no middleman. But that is very rare. As the chart shows the producer may sell goods to retailer who may then sell the same to consumers. The producer may sell goods to wholesalers who may inturn sell to retailers and the retailer may sell to consumers. The fourth alternative channel of distribution is when any agent/dealer intervenes between the producer and retailers and acts as a middlemen. The agent is appointed by the producer for the sale of goods to the retailers. Another alternative channel is there when producers agent sells goods to wholesalers who sell to retailers. Agent/dealer is an independent person/firm buying goods and selling them to retailers. Agent/dealer may also sell to wholesalers who may then sell to retailers and goods are thus made available to consumers. In the channel of distribution there may be more than one agent/dealer and wholesaler. A brief explanation of different channels of distribution is given below: Manufacturer Æ’Â  Customer: This is also known as direct selling because no middlemen are involved. A producer may sell directly through his own retail stores, for example, Bata. This is the simplest and the shortest channel. It is fast and economical. Small producers and producers of perishable commodities also sell directly to the local consumers. Big firms adopt direct selling in order to cut distribution cost and because they have sufficient facilities to sell directly to the consumers. The producer or the entrepreneur himself performs all the marketing activities. Manufacturer Æ’Â  RetailerÆ’Â  Customer: This is one stage distribution channel having one middleman, i.e., retailer. In this channel, the producer sells to big retailers like departmental stores and chain stores who in turn sell to customer. This channel is very popular in the distribution of consumer durables such as refrigerators, T V sets, washing machines, typewriters, etc. This channel of distribution is very popular these days because of emergence of departmental stores, super markets and other big retail stores. The retailers purchase in large quantities from the producer and perform certain marketing activities in order to sell the product to the ultimate consumers. Manufacturer Æ’Â  WholesalerÆ’Â  RetailerÆ’Â  Customer: This is the traditional channel of distribution. There are two middlemen in this channel of distribution, namely, wholesaler and retailer. This channel is most suitable for the products with widely scattered market. It is used in the distribution of consumer products like groceries, drugs, cosmetics, etc. It is quite suitable for small scale producers whose product line is narrow and who require the expert services and promotional support of wholesalers. Selection Criteria of a Distribution Channel While selecting a distribution channel, the entrepreneur should compare the costs, sales volume and profits expected from alternative channels of distribution. In order to select the right channel for distributing his product, a small-scale manufacturer should keep in mind the following considerations: Market Considerations: The nature of the market is a key factor influencing the choice of channels of distribution. The following features of the market should be considered to determine the channels: Consumer or Industrial Market: If the product is meant for industrial users, the channel of distribution will be a short one. This is because industrial users buy in a large quantity and the producer can easily establish a direct contact with them. But in case for goods meant for consumers, retailers may have to be included in the channels of distribution. Number and location of buyers: When the number of potential customers is small or the market is geographically located in a limited area, direct selling is easy and economical. In case of large number of customers, use of wholesalers and retailers becomes necessary. Size of order: Direct selling is convenient and economical where customers place order in big lots as in case of industrial goods. But where the product is sold in small quantities, middlemen are used to distribute such products. A manufacturer may use different channels for different types of buyers. He may sell directly to big retail stores and may use wholesalers to sell to small retailers. Customers buying habits: The customer buying habits like the time he is willing to spend, the desire for credit, the preference of personal attention and one stop shopping significantly affect the choice of distribution channels. Product Considerations: The type and nature of the product influence the number and type of middlemen to be chosen for distributing the product. The important factors with respect to the product are as follows: Unit value: Products of low unit value and common use are generally sold through middlemen, as they cannot bear the cost of direct selling. On the other hand, expensive consumer goods and industrial products are sold directly by the producers. Perishability: Perishable products like vegetables, fruits and bakery items have relatively short channels, as they cannot withstand repeated handling. Goods, which are subject to frequent changes in fashion and style, are generally distributed through short channels, as the producer has to maintain close and continuous touch with the market. Bulk and weight: Heavy and bulky products are distributed directly to minimize handling costs. Coal, bricks, stones, etc., are some examples. Standardisation: Custom-made and non-standardised products usually pass through short channels due to the need for direct contact between the producer and the consumers. Standardized and mass-made goods can be distributed through middlemen. Technical nature: Industrial products requiring demonstration, installation and aftersale service are often sold directly. The consumer products of technical nature are generally sold through retailers. Product line: An entrepreneur producing a wide range of products may find it economical to set up its own retail outlets. On the other hand, firms with one or two products find it profitable to distribute through wholesalers and retailers. Age of the product: A new product needs greater promotional effort and few middlemen may like to handle it. As the product gains acceptance in the market, more middlemen may be employed for its distribution. Middlemen Considerations: The cost and efficiency of distribution depend largely upon the nature and type of middlemen as given in the following factors: Availability: When middlemen as desired are not available, an entrepreneur may have to establish his own distribution network. Non-availability of middlemen may arise when they are handling competitive products, as they do not like to handle more brands. Attitudes: Middlemen who do not like a firms marketing policies may refuse to handle its products. For instance, some wholesalers and retailers demand sole selling rights or a guarantee against fall in prices. Services: Use of those middlemen is profitable who provide financing, storage, promotion and aftersale services. Sale Potential: An entrepreneur generally prefers a dealer who offers the greatest potential volume of sales. Costs: Choice of a channel should be made after comparing the costs of distribution through alternative channels. Company Considerations: The nature, size and objectives of the business firm also play an important role in the selection of distribution channel. It includes financial resources, market standing, volume of production, desire for control of channel, services provided by manufacturers, etc. For example a company with substantial financial resources need not rely too much on the middlemen and can afford to reduce the levels of distribution. Similarly a company desiring to exercise greater control over channel will prefer a shorter channel. After deciding the number of middlemen, an entrepreneur has to select the particular dealers through whom he will distribute his products. While selecting a particular wholesaler or retailer, the following factors should be taken into consideration: a. Location of dealers business premises; b. Financial position and credit standing of the dealer; c. Knowledge and experience of the dealer; d. Storage and showroom facilities of the dealer e. Ability of the dealer to secure adequate business and to cover the market; f. Capacity of the dealer to provide aftersale service; g. General reputation of the dealer and his sales force; h. Willingness of the dealer to handle the entrepreneurs products; i. Degree of co-operation and promotion service he is willing to provide; j. Nature of other products, if any handled by the dealer. Need for Distribution Channel Why are all these layers needed in distribution ? Why cant a producer simply sell to a retailer, who sells to a consumer? Its a fair question, and in some cases, that is exactly how it happens. But the fact is that many producers are either too small or too large to handle all the necessary functions themselves to get their products to market. Consider the small, specialty manufacturer who is terrific at making fine leather handbags but may not have the expertise to market its products as well as it makes them, or they may not have the money to hire a team of full-time salespeople to court the customers and secure the orders. An intermediary who works for several small, noncompeting firms can easily handle those functions cost-effectively. An intermediary who specializes in importing and exporting can handle the intricacies of customs paperwork, overseas shipping, and foreign markets, too. Conversely, large companies need intermediaries because they are also in the business of manufacturing, not marketing. Turning out tens of thousands of cases of soft drinks, for instance, do you think Pepsi has time to take and fill individual orders from households? Channel members like wholesalers and retailers are useful because they are best at specific aspects of sales in their markets, leaving the manufacturers to do what they do best-which is turn out the best possible product. Having a distribution channel breaks the whole buying and selling process and all its related negotiations into manageable tasks, each performed by companies that specialize in certain skills. Using an import wholesaler, for example, can be handy because they know the laws and customs of the suppliers nations; and they generally offer their own lines of credit so the retailer wont have to deal with currency exchange or negotiate payment terms with a bank in another country. Another advantage of the distribution channel is its ability to even out the natural ebbs and flows of a supply chain. This comes from the ability of some channel members to store excess goods until they are needed, and to stockpile goods in anticipation of seasonal sales peaks. Depending on how close their relationships, channel members may also work together to purchase goods or services in greater quantity at discounts, passing the savings on to customers. Even for consumers, the distribution chain is handy-beyond handy, in fact! It has become a necessity in our society. What if there were no supermarkets, for instance? Can you imagine how much more time and money you would spend having to buy every item at its source? How practical would it be to run out to the nearest farm to pick up a quart of milk and some salad ingredients on your way home from work? FMCG Sector Overview FMCG is an acronym for  Fast Moving Consumer Goods, which refer to things that we buy from local supermarkets on daily basis, the things that have high turnover and are relatively cheaper. Products which have a quick turnover, and relatively low cost are known as Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG). FMCG products are those that get replaced within a year. Examples of FMCG generally include a wide range of frequently purchased consumer products such as toiletries, soap, cosmetics, tooth cleaning products, shaving products and detergents, as well as other non-durables such as glassware, bulbs, batteries, paper products, and plastic goods. FMCG may also include pharmaceuticals, consumer electronics, packaged food products, soft drinks, tissue paper, and chocolate bars. A subset of FMCGs is Fast Moving Consumer Electronics which include innovative electronic products such as mobile phones, MP3 players, digital cameras, GPS Systems and Laptops. These are replaced more frequently than other electronic products. White goods in FMCG refer to household electronic items such as Refrigerators, T.Vs, Music Systems, etc. These types of goods are required frequently by consumers and so a large part of the monthly salary or income will be spent on buying all the goods listed on the consumers shopping list. New players keep joining the FMCG circles but find the going tough unless they have a well planned strategy along with large cash reserves for their product promotion. A particular FMCG company might be a strong urban market leader, but will still find it tough to enter the rural markets or a new Indian state or area. Although FMCG companies generate a large volume of sales and money, they are always under pressure as they keep facing a lot of competition from their fellow competitors. Due to this, the FMCG companies try to do their level best in maintaining a fine balance in their profits and the product price. Thus they keep facing new challenges on their margins month after month. One of the key factors for an FMCG company to do well is a proper distribution network. If a distribution network of a particular FMCG company is well oiled, then that particular FMCG Company will definitely find the going much easier in the market. But companies have to allot a large chunk of their finances in developing and fine tuning their distribution networks. The promotion of a product of an FMCG company too is considered very crucial for its success. The market has many players. Every FMCG company has to fight for its space and audience in the Indian market. Thus, when a multinational company enters the Indian market, it creates an even bigger challenge to the existing players on the FMCG scene. If the promotion is done well, then the manufacturing of the product can even be outsourced. This can save valuable finance for a company. This in turn will help the company to utilize their energies on other aspects of their product. Some of the top players on the FMCG scene in India are Hindustan Unilever Ltd., ITC (Indian Tobacco Company), Nestlà © India and Dabur India. So, we can say that FMCG are the products which are: Sold quickly at relatively low cost Sold in large quantities Have low absolute profit but high cumulative profit Sector Performance FMCG is one of the few sectors that has been unscratched and has shown consistent growth despite economic recession and this can be proved by some of the leading magazines articles like: According to Business Standard-FMCG resilient to the economic slowdown and dip in consumer sentiment. According to Economic times it is one of the very few sectors undergoing MA in recent times. Economic times also comment that Indian rural market in untapped and unpenetrated. The growth in this sector is also evident from the fact that many FMCG companies are planning to foray into West Asia, South Africa and Egypt. FMCG industry  provides a wide range of consumables and accordingly the amount of money circulated against FMCG products is also very high. The competition among FMCG manufacturers is also growing and as a result of this, investment in FMCG industry is also increasing, specifically in India, where FMCG industry is regarded as the fourth largest sector with total market size of US$13.1 billion. FMCG Sector in India is estimated to grow 60% by 2010. FMCG industry is regarded as the largest sector in New Zealand which accounts for 5% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Some of the merits of FMCG industry, which made this industry as a potential one are low operational cost, strong distribution networks, presence of renowned FMCG companies. Population growth is another factor which is responsible behind the success of this industry. Some of the well known FMCG companies are : Sara Lee Nestlà © Reckitt Benckiser Unilever Procter Gamble Coca-Cola Carlsberg Kleenex General Mills Pepsi Mars etc. FMCG industry  creates a wide range of job opportunities. This industry is a stable, diverse, challenging and high profile industry providing a wide range of job categories like sales, supply chain, finance, marketing, operations, purchasing, human resources, product development, and general management. Indian FMCG Sector FMCG is the fourth largest sector in the Indian Economy with a total market size of Rs. 60,000 crores. FMCG sector generates 5% of total factory employment in the country and is creating employment for three million people, especially in small towns and rural India. The FMCG sector in India is a sector which is dominated by a high level competition between all the players. This particular sector includes MNCs as well as local Indian companies. Certain companies are leaders in a particular state or area. While some of the companies are very strong in the rural areas compared to the urban areas. Some of the most powerful companies in the FMCG sector are: Hindustan Unilever Ltd., ITC (Indian Tobacco Company), Nestlà © India, GCMMF (AMUL), Dabur India, Asian Paints (India), Cadbury India, Britannia Industries, Procter Gamble Hygiene and Health Care and Marico Industries. All these companies have a proper distribution network along with proper product promotion tools which have helped them to regularly increase their sales and visibility on the Indian scene. Well-established distribution networks, as well as intense competition between the organised and unorganised segments are the characteristics of this sector. FMCG in India has a strong and competitive MNC presence across the entire value chain. It has been predicted that the FMCG market will reach to US$ 33.4 billion in 2015 from US $ billion 11.6 in 2003. The middle class and the rural segments of the Indian population are the most promising market for FMCG, and give brand makers the opportunity to convert them to branded products. Most of the product categories like jams, toothpaste, skin care, shampoos, etc, in India, have low per capita consumption as well as low penetration level, but the potential for growth is huge. The Indian Economy is surging ahead by leaps and bounds, keeping pace with rapid urbanization, increased literacy levels, and rising per capita income. The big firms are growing bigger and small-time companies are catching up as well. According to the study conducted by AC Nielsen, 62 of the top 100 brands are owned by MNCs, and the balance by Indian companies. Fifteen companies own these 62 brands, and 27 of these are owned by Hindustan Lever. Pepsi is at number three followed by Thums Up. Britannia takes the fifth place, followed by Colgate (6), Nirma (7), Coca-Cola (8) and Parle (9). These are figures the soft drink and cigarette companies have always shied away from revealing. Personal care, cigarettes, and soft drinks are the three biggest categories in FMCG. Between them, they account for 35 of the top 100 brands. Hindustan Unilever Limited has been operating in India from a long time. They are Indias largest FMCG Company and are also one of Indias largest exporters. The list of their popular products is a very large one. Some of their popular products are Lifebuoy, Rexona, Lux, Liril, Lipton Tea, Brooke Bond Tea, Bru Coffee, Pepsodent, Surf, Rin, Wheel Laundry Detergent and Kissan. The company has an excellent research centre which was established in 1958 and has a strong team of highly qualified scientists. Recently they have launched new projects like Ayush Ayurvedic Products Services and Pureit Water Purifiers. ITC which was set up in 1910 in India was earlier known as Imperial Tobacco Company of India Limited. ITC has a vast presence in wide array of products and some of them are greeting cards, cigarettes, paperboards, packaging, branded apparel, foods confectionery and FMCG products. ITC has proved its worth by being one of Indias biggest foreign exchange earners. Although it already has many leading products from a long time, it is recently wooing over successfully new customers in its businesses of branded apparel, packaged foods confectionery and greeting cards stationery. Nestlà © first made its presence in India in 1912. It has always managed to get itself listed in Indias Most Respected Companies. This has been possible due to its practice of producing products of a global standard in India. It has also been able to provide customer satisfaction to the consumers of its products. The success of Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF) has proved that a cooperative too can grow into a top class company if it is backed by proper vision, hard work and a quality product. This has helped it to become the largest food product marketing organization in India. Some of its popular products are Amul Ice cream, Amul Milk, Amul Butter, Amul Shrikhand, Amul Milk Powder, Amul Ghee and Amul Cheese. Thus the above four examples show a variety of factors which are responsible for turning a company into a leading FMCG company. The top 10 companies in India are as follows: The FMCG sector can be sub classified into: Personal Care: The personal care category has the largest number of brands, i.e., 21, inclusive of Lux, Lifebuoy, Fair and Lovely, Vicks, and Ponds.   There are 11 HLL brands in the 21, aggregating Rs. 3,799 crore or 54% of the personal care category. Cigarettes account for 17% of the top 100 FMCG sales, and just below the personal care category. ITC alone accounts for 60% volume market share and 70% by value of all filter cigarettes in India. Foods: The foods category in FMCG is gaining popularity with a swing of launches by HLL, ITC, Godrej, and others. This category has 18 major brands, aggregating Rs. 4,637 crore. Nestle and Amul slug it out in the powders segment. The food category has also seen innovations like softies in ice creams, chapattis by HLL, ready to eat rice by HLL and pizzas by both GCMMF and Godrej Pillsbury. This category seems to have faster development than the stagnating personal care category. Amul, Indias largest foods company, has a good presence in the food category with its ice-creams, curd, milk, butter, cheese, and so on. Britannia also ranks in the top 100 FMCG brands, dominates the biscuits category and has launched a series of products at various prices. Household care: In the household care category (like mosquito repellents), Godrej and Reckitt are two players. Goodknight from Godrej, is worth above Rs 217 crore, followed by Reckitts Mortein at Rs 149 crore. In the shampoo category, HLLs Clinic and Sunsilk make it to the top 100, although PGs Head and Shoulders and Pantene are also trying hard to be positioned on top. Clinic is nearly double the size of Sunsilk. Herbal care: Dabur is among the top five FMCG companies in India and is a herbal specialist. With a turnover of Rs. 19 billion (approx. US$ 420 million) in 2005-2006, Dabur has brands like Dabur Amla, Dabur Chyawanprash, Vatika, Hajmola and Real. Paint: Asian Paints is enjoying a formidable presence in the Indian sub-continent, Southeast Asia, Far East, Middle East, South Pacific, Caribbean, Africa and Europe. Asian Paints is Indias largest paint company, with a turnover of Rs.22.6 billion (around USD 513 million). Forbes Global magazine, USA, ranked Asian Paints among the 200 Best Small Companies in the World Chocolates/Confectionary: Cadbury India is the market leader in the chocolate confectionery market with a 70% market share and is ranked number two in the total food drinks market. Its popular brands include Cadburys Dairy Milk, 5 Star, Eclairs, and Gems. The Rs.15.6 billion (USD 380 Million) Marico is a leading Indian group in consumer products and services in the Global Beauty and Wellness space. Outlook for FMCG Sector: There is a huge growth potential for all the FMCG companies as the per capita consumption of almost all products in the country is amongst the lowest in the world. Again the demand or prospect could be increased further if these companies can change the consumers mindset and offer new generation products. Earlier, Indian consumers were using non-branded apparel, but today, clothes of different brands are available and the same consumers are willing to pay more for branded quality clothes. Its the quality, promotion and innovation of products, which can drive many sectors. Methodology Exploratory research: The exploratory research design is appropriate for any any problems in which a very little knowledge is available. An Exploratory study is in the nature of a preliminary phase and is absolutely essential in order to obtain a proper definition of problem in hand. So it is helpful in breaking broad and vague problems into smaller, more precise sub problem statements, hopefully, in the form of specific hypothesis. In this study the exploratory research has been used to frame structure questionnaires, individuals with knowledge and ideas have been interviewed to get the idea to frame structure questionnaire. A part from books and journals has been used to gather information about the insurance and the insurance industry. Data Collection: In this study internal and external source for data collection had been used. In the internal and external sources of data collection these two types of data comes into picture: Primary Data Secondary Data Primary Data All the primary data for the purpose of the study were obtained by interviewing the retailers with the help of a questionnaire. Questionnaires were framed on the basis of product its competition. The questions were designed in such a way as to elicit maximum information and data. Secondary Data Secondary data has been collected from books and websites. Internet websites: www.google.com, www.Coca-Cola.com, www.wikipedia.com, www.coca-colaindia.com Magazines Business World Management and Technology Questionnaire There can be two types of questionnaire. Questionnaire for Whole sellers: Name: Age: .. Area: . Years in the Business:. .. Date. http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_STNJ3qjC9Nk/SX30qf_Ve3I/AAAAAAAAAcU/P3nV5aXUBdY/s320/Coca-Cola_logo5.jpg Q1. Which coca cola cold drink brand sells the most? Coke b. ThumsUp c.Limca d. Sprite e. Fanta f. Maaza g.Others Q2. Which mineral water sells the most? Kinley b. Aquafina c. Bisleri d. Local brands Q3. What type of package cold drinks sells the most? 300ml bottle b. 600 ml pet bottle c.